| Many anti-smoking
organizations claim that teenagers begin their smoking habits
due to peer pressure, and cultural influence portrayed by
friends. However, one study found that direct pressure to smoke
cigarettes did not play a significant part in adolescent
smoking. In that study, adolescents also reported low levels of
both normative and direct pressure to smoke cigarettes. A
similar study showed that individuals play a more active role in
starting to smoke than has previously been acknowledged and that
social processes other than peer pressure need to be taken into
account. Another study's results revealed that peer pressure was
significantly associated with smoking behavior across all age
and gender cohorts, but that intrapersonal factors were
significantly more important to the smoking behavior of 12–13
year-old girls than same-age boys.
Within the 14–15 year-old age group, one peer pressure variable
emerged as a significantly more important predictor of girls'
than boys' smoking. It is debated whether peer pressure or
self-selection is a greater cause of adolescent smoking. It is
arguable that the reverse of peer-pressure is true, when the
majority of peers do not smoke and ostracize those who do.
Parental smoking >>
|
Tobacco smoking
Methods of smoking
Health effects
1.
Establishing a link between smoking and health effects
2. Health risks of smoking
2.1 Carcinogenicity
2.2 Effects on the heart
2.3 Smoker's attitudes
3. Passive smoking
4. Somatic and psychological effects
5. Mood and anxiety disorders
6. Health benefits of smoking
Effects of the habit and
industry on society
1. Effect on healthcare costs
2. Tobacco and other drugs
3. Advertising
4. Peer pressure
5. Parental smoking
6. Smoking in movies and television
7. The use of smoking to project an image
Religious views
on smoking Smoking cessation
Legal issues and
regulation
1. Age restrictions
2. Taxation
3. Restrictions on cigarette advertising
4. Package warnings
5. Smoking bans
|
