| Genetic testing for
high-risk individuals is already available for certain
cancer-related genetic mutations. Carriers of genetic mutations
that increase risk for cancer incidence can undergo enhanced
surveillance, chemoprevention, or risk-reducing surgery. Early
identification of inherited genetic risk for cancer, along with
cancer-preventing interventions such as surgery or enhanced
surveillance, can be lifesaving for high-risk individuals.
| Gene |
Cancer types |
Availability |
|
BRCA1, BRCA2 |
Breast, ovarian, pancreatic |
Commercially available for clinical specimens |
| MLH1,
MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 |
Colon, uterine, small bowel, stomach, urinary tract |
Commercially available for clinical specimens |
Prevention Vaccination >>
|
Cancer
Classification
1. Nomenclature
2. Adult cancers
3. Childhood cancers
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
1. Investigation
2. Biopsy
Treatment
1. Surgery
2. Radiation therapy
3. Chemotherapy
4. Targeted therapies
5. Immunotherapy
6. Hormonal therapy
7. Symptom control
8. Complementary and alternative
9. Treatment trials
Prognosis
1. Emotional impact
Causes
1. Chemical carcinogens
2. Ionizing radiation &
Infectious diseases
3. Hormonal imbalances
& Immune system dysfunction
4. Heredity & Other causes
Pathophysiology
1. Epigenetics
2. Oncogenes
3. Tumor suppressor genes
4. Cancer cell biology
4.1 Clonal evolution
4.2 Biological properties of cancer cells
Prevention
1. Modifiable ("lifestyle") risk factors
2. Diet
3. Vitamins
4. Chemoprevention
5. Genetic testing
6. Vaccination
7. Screening
Epidemiology
History
Research |
